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CO2 CONTROL APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE

The application of CO₂ control methods in agriculture is not only a new trend but also a significant priority of the modern world in managing CO₂ credit and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. With the increasing effects of climate change and awareness of environmental protection, the application of effective solutions to manage and utilize CO₂ in agriculture has become an indispensable part of sustainable development.

Overview of CO₂Control

Plants require carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis, and greenhouses can enrich their atmospheres by supplementing CO₂ to stimulate plant growth.

The idea of passing carbon dioxide from thermal power plants through ponds to cultivate algae and then convert them into bio-diesel fuel, has also been proposed.

High concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere effectively destroy many pests. In greenhouses, CO₂ concentration are raised to 10,000 ppm (1%) for several hours to destroy pests such as whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae), spiders…

Liquid and solid carbon dioxide are important refrigerants, especially in the food industry, where they are involved in the storage and transportation of ice creams and frozen foods.

*The amount of CO₂ needed for certain agricultural products

Some CO₂ indices of different types of plants are shown in the following table; however these indices are for reference only and mostly depend on the knowledge and experience of the grower as well as the food preservation process.

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CO₂Installation program

For applications that need to adjust factors such as CO₂ concentration, temperature, and humidity in agriculture, it can be divided into two main environments: CLOSED ROOM and GREENHOUSE FOR PLANT CULTIVATION.

Types of CO2 control application models

Basic model of nurseries and vegetable growing houses Model of closed room, clean room

Installation Program

Based on two main environments: agriculture and clean rooms, the following two control programs can be applied to address the specific requirements of each field:

*Agricultural Installation Program

For agricultural environments, the program focuses on regulating and controlling important factors such as temperature, humidity and CO₂concentration in the greenhouse. This program helps optimize environmental conditions to promote plant growth and enhance productivity and product quality.

The plant cultivation program is shown in the flow chart below:

Program explanation:

Time Channel Division and Setting Thresholds for Each Channel: In 24 hours, we divide into 9 time channels. Each channel will have its own setpoint values for CO₂, temperature and humidity. These values are adjusted to maintain ideal conditions for plant growth.
The Influence of Illumination Sensor: The illumination sensor determines the time of day (morning or evening) and weather conditions (sunny day or rainy day). When activated, it will automatically update setpoint values based on the actual lighting conditions entering the garden.
Adjusting the Output of the Control Panel: The control panel will base on the setpoint values updated from the illumination sensor and weather conditions to adjust the output suitably. This helps maintain an ideal environment for plant growth and ensures optimal growth.

Installation Instructions:

Real-time control (when not using illumination sensor)

Channel	Time Setting	Operative Time Threshold
1	04:00	00:00 – 04:00
2	07:00	04:00 – 07:00
3	10:30	07:00 – 10:30
4	13:00	10:30 – 13:00
5	15:30	13:00 – 15:30
6	17:00	15:30 – 17:00
7	18:30	17:00 – 18:30
8	21:00	18:30 – 21:00
9	00:00	21:00 – 00:00

Control based on weather conditions (when using illumination sensor)

Channel	Time Setting	Operative Time Threshold
1	23:59	00:00 – 23:59

Setting time frame and CO₂ threshold

Channel	Time Setting	Operative Time Threshold
1	04:00	00:00 – 04:00
2	07:00	04:00 – 07:00
3	10:30	07:00 – 10:30
4	13:00	10:30 – 13:00
5	15:30	13:00 – 15:30
6	17:00	15:30 – 17:00
7	18:30	17:00 – 18:30
8	21:00	18:30 – 21:00
9	00:00	21:00 – 00:00

CO₂Setting

With the CO₂ control function group, we can choose 2 output types:

+ Setting CO₂ supply:

+Setting FAN reduces indoor CO₂:

Humidity Setting

When controlling humidity, the control panel is equipped to reduce humidity by hot steam spraying or to humidify the controlled environment by misting spraying.

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Temperature Setting

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*Clean Room Installation Program

Installation program for clean room, 3 parameters control processes:

CO₂
Temperature
Humidity

Takes place simultaneously and throughout as in agricultural programs based on user-defined setpoint levels.

Clean-Room-Installation-Program

Practical applications of CO₂ threshold control

*Aquatic Seedlings Cultivation Application

A 40m³ closed room for cultivating aquatic seedlings is used as landscape in aquatic aquariums.

With current technology, most users use CO₂ solution or CO₂ smoke soaked in water.

This is the step of cultivating seedlings to adjust stable CO₂ level for grasses and plants living in water before breeding and widely distributing to the market.

Aquatic-Seedlings-Cultivation-Application

* Italian Lettuce Seedling Cultivation Application

The greenhouse grows purple lettuce, a vegetable variety imported from Italy, grown to sell high-quality clean food.

Italian-Lettuce-Seedling-Cultivation-Application

*Carrot and potato storage in Don Duong, Lam Dong. This application does not activate the illumination sensor function but only uses a fixed setpoint for 3 fixed parameters for the entire control program.

Agricultural-product-storage-application

Monitoring Parameters and Data Storage

Example: Smart monitoring and storage solution package combined: CO₂, temperature, humidity Sensor FOX-8STC, FS-600R (Conotec), Control Techniques Inverter, IPC Industrial PC (Beckhoff)…

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